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The National Music Publishers Association (NMPA) is a trade association for the American music publishing industry. The NMPA aims to "protect its members' property rights on the legislative, litigation, and regulatory fronts."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://nmpa.org/aboutnmpa/mission.asp )〕 NMPA has over 2500 members.〔 The NMPA has pursued litigation against numerous organizations, including Amway,〔(Amway: The Untold Story: NMPA ) (Press release), 25 November 2006.〕 YouTube, Kazaa, LimeWire, FullScreen and Napster. ==History== ; First half of the 20th century The NMPA was founded in 1917 as the Music Publishers' Protective Association, seeking to end the practice of publishers having to pay vaudeville theaters for performing their music. The payola was said to have reached $400,000.〔 The MPPA mandate went into effect May 7, 1917.〔 Founding firms included: * Broadway Music Corporation * Joseph W. Stern & Co. * Waterson, Berlin & Snyder, Inc. * Al Piantadosi & Co. * Leo Feist Co. * T. B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc. * Maurice Richmond (1880–1965) * Jos. Morris Co. * Charles K. Harris * Harry Von Tilzer Co. * Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. * M. Witmark & Sons * James Kendis (1883–1946) * James Brockman * Kalmar, Puck & Abrahams Consolidated, Inc. (Bert Kalmar, Harry Puck, Maurice W. Abrahams) * F.J.A. Forster Co. * McCarthy & Fisher * A. J. Stasny Music Co. * J.H. Remick & Co. * Church, Paxson & Co. * Karczag Publishing Company (Wilhelm Karczag; 1859–1923) * William Jerome In 1927, the NMPA founded the Harry Fox Agency, a mechanical rights collecting society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.harryfox.com/public/AboutHFA.jsp )〕 ; Second half of the 20th century In 1966 the name of the Music Publishers' Protective Association was changed to the National Music Publishers Association. The NMPA lobbies federal legislators and regulators on behalf of music publishers and crafted guidelines for the Copyright Act of 1976. ; 21st century In September 2001, the NMPA reached a settlement with Napster, turning the company into a fee-based service with publishers licensing music to the users.〔("Early History of Napster" ), by Moya K. Mason, 2010〕 The NMPA won a judgment against peer-to-peer filing service StreamCast Networks in September 2006. In 2007, NMPA joined a lawsuit against YouTube for hosting user-generated videos containing music under copyright. The suit was dropped four years later. Along with the Music Publishers' Association (MPA), the NMPA has been responsible for taking many free guitar tablature web sites offline. NMPA President David Israelite asserted that "()nauthorised use of lyrics and tablature deprives the songwriter of the ability to make a living, and is no different than stealing". The NMPA also pushed for rate hikes for legal downloads of music in 2008. In 2010, the NMPA represented EMI, Sony/ATV, Universal and Warner/Chappell, Bug, MPL Communications, Peermusic and the Richmond Organization in a lawsuit against LimeWire. The suit sought $150,000 for each song that was distributed. NMPA is a member of the International Intellectual Property Alliance, a business alliance which amongst others publishes the Special 301 Report, a controversial list of countries that the coalition of copyright holders feel do not do enough to combat copyright infringements. In 2015, the NMPA sold the Harry Fox Agency to SESAC. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Music Publishers Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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